Australia
From an evolutionary perspective, Tim Flannery's book The Future Eaters is by far the best introduction to Australia.
Tim has a relaxed journalistic style backed up with sound scholarship, an enjoyment of new ideas and a character that relishes controversy. Which is just as well, as The Future Eaters managed to offend almost all the established interest groups; it would be fair to say, that the further these groups' views were from the truth, the more they were offended. Tim later developed The Future Eaters thesis in his The Eternal Frontier, an evolutionary account of the history of North America. (See my review of The Eternal Frontier.)
Australia, like the countries of North America, has an indigenous population, now a minority. The latest evidence indicates that the ancestors of the Australian Aborigines arrived in Australia 30,000 to 60,000 years ago. Theirs was a pre-literate and pre-scientific culture, so it would have gone through many transformations over its history, so many, and so deep, in fact that it would be futile to claim that they were the same people. The Evfit interest focuses on how the Australian Aborigines lived before European settlement, and how their physical health has deteriorated since that time.
When Weston Price visited Australia in the 1930s he was able to examine Aborigines who lived close to the traditional ways, others who had switched from a traditional diet during their lifetime and others who had been born into a family or group living wholly on Western foods. The Aborigines who lived traditionally were slim, healthy and had perfect teeth, even in old age. Their children who had moved into town had bad teeth, poor health and were overweight. Today, we would recognize diabetes and a risk of substance abuse. Their children, in turn, had these signs of ill health as well as having poorly formed lower third of their faces, crowded teeth and serious dental decay. One of the most persuasive photographs I have ever seen is one Dr Price took on Badu Island off the northern tip of Australia. It shows five brothers, standing in line with the older brothers tall and built like rugby players, with broad jaws and perfectly spaced teeth. The younger brothers are weedy, with pinched faces and crowded teeth. Dr Price tells us that a government store opened on Badu about 15 years earlier, selling refined flour, sugar and jams and that the people were happy to give up the hard work of fishing for the soft option of Western food.
The lesson is that a return by the Aborigines of today to the key aspects of the pre-contact lifestyle - not those that are non-key - could also return them to the near-perfect health of their grandparents. This is basically the Evfit way, and it is possible.